Jan 29, 2013

Edgar Allan Poe - The Raven



Edgar Allan Poe

Date of birth/place of birth: January 19, 1809 in Boston, Massachusetts
Family background (children, wife/husband): His mother passed away when he was still very young and his father left the family shortly before that. In 1836 he married his 13- year- old cousin Virginia Clemm and in 1847 his wife suddenly died, leaving Poe childless.
Education: He visited the University of Virginia from 1820 until 1827. In 1829 he enlisted in the West Point Military Academy, but was expelled a year later.
Famous works: short stories: The Fall of the House of Usher
                                               The Gold Bug
                                               The Tell- Tale heart
                          Poems:          The Raven
Additional information: Two of his most common themes in almost all of his works were loss and death. He not only wrote fictional short stories and poems, but also non- fictional essays, such as The philosophy of Composition, where he examined his own methodology and writing style. He died shortly after his wife’s death in 1849 and the actual cause is still unclear. After he passed away his reputation was hurt, when his literary rival Rufus Griswold claimed that Poe was mentally ill, a drunkard and a womanizer. Poe was not recognized as a writer when he was still alive and he had a lot of financial problems, but now he has become one of the most famous American writers.


Dark Romanticism

Dates: 1815- 1840
Background information: This era is connected industrialization, slavery and the market crisis of 1837. Dark Romanticism had traces of the British gothic tradition. In this era the dark side of the soul and human abysses were portrayed in literature.
Main stylistic devices: Main stylistic devices of that time were short pieces of text, taboo themes in novels, horror scenarios and the so called unity of effect that was mostly shaped by Poe. Unity of effect means that every stylistic device is meant to emphasize one special effect of the story that should stricken the reader.
Famous and most influential authors and books: Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whiteman, Herman Melville, Emily Dickinson


The Raven

Publishing date: 29th of January 1835
Place: New York in the Evening mirror
Reactions: After the poem was published Poe became a national celebrity and people identified him with the poem. He was therefore soon given the nickname “The Raven”. Shortly after the first publication the poem was often imitated, parodied and reprinted, but it still did not brought financial success to Poe.
Summary: The first person narrator sits in his bed chamber on a chair and mourns the death of his beloved one, named Lenore. Suddenly there is a tap on his window. The narrator stands up and opens the window and a raven enters the room. It silently flies into the room and sits upon the door.  The narrator than asks the raven for its name and the raven replies with the word ‘Nevermore’. The narrator is surprised that the bird can talk and somehow starts to think about his deceased loved one again.  The raven constantly repeats the word ‘Nevermore’, leaving the narrator agitated and confused about the raven’s intention, not knowing where it came from and who send it.


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